0 COMPUTATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS OF i SHALLOW DEPTH EXPLOSION PLUMES

A mathematical model and computational code are validated for predicting shallow depth explosion plume behavior. The model is based on a generalized formulation of hydrodynamics and uses an incompressible liquid assumption. This formulation is well suited for predicting longtime bubble and plume dynamics. Initial conditions for the model are derived from spherically symmetric bubble theory, combined with empirical measurements. The effects of the spray dome caused by the reflection of the initial shock wave off the free surface is modeled empirically as a recess in the surface above the charge. Comparisons to photographs of experiments provide qualitative agreement. Quantitative measurements of plume heights and plume densities using conductivity probes and microwave absorption are also compared to the computational data. Results for both singleand multiple-charge shots are included.